I. Core Material Maumbirwo
1. Chikamu Chakaoma: Tungsten Carbide (WC)
- Proportion Range: 70–95%
- Key Properties: Inoratidza kuomarara kwepamusoro-soro uye kupfeka kuramba, nekuomarara kweVickers ≥1400 HV.
- Pesvedzero yeKukura Kwezviyo:
- Zviyo zvakakora (3–8μm): Kusimba kwepamusoro uye kupikisa kuramba, kwakakodzera kuumbwa nematombo kana ma interlayers akaomarara.
- Fine/Ultrafine Grain (0.2–2μm): Kuwedzeredzwa kuomarara uye kupfeka kuramba, yakanakira maumbirwo akanyanya senge quartz sandstone.
2. Binder Phase: Cobalt (Co) kana Nickel (Ni)
- Proportion Range: 5-30%, ichiita se "simbi inonamira" kune bond tungsten carbide particles uye inopa kuoma.
- Mhando uye Hunhu:
- Cobalt-Yakavakirwa (Mainstream Sarudzo):
- Zvakanakira: Kusimba kwepamusoro pakupisa kwepamusoro, yakanaka yekupisa conductivity, uye yepamusoro yakazara ma mechanical zvivakwa.
- Chikumbiro: Mazhinji akajairika uye epamusoro-tembiricha maumbirwo (cobalt inoramba yakagadzikana pazasi 400 ° C).
- Nickel-Yakavakirwa (Zvakakosha Zvinodiwa):
- Zvakanakira: Kuramba kwakasimba kwecorrosion (inoshingirira kuH₂S, CO₂, uye mvura yekuchera yakakwira-munyu).
- Kushandisa: Asidhi gasi minda, mapuratifomu ekumahombekombe, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoparadza.
- Cobalt-Yakavakirwa (Mainstream Sarudzo):
3. Zvinowedzerwa (Micro-Level Optimization)
- Chromium Carbide (Cr₃C₂): Inovandudza oxidation kuramba uye inoderedza binder chikamu kurasikirwa pasi pepamusoro-tembiricha mamiriro.
- Tantalum Carbide (TaC)/Niobium Carbide (NbC): Inodzivisa kukura kwezviyo uye inowedzera kuoma kwepamusoro-tembiricha.
II. Zvikonzero Zvekusarudza Tungsten Carbide Hardmetal
| Performance | Advantage Description |
|---|---|
| Pfeka Resistance | Kuomarara kwechipiri kune dhaimondi, inoshingirira kukurwa nezvidimbu zvinoputika sejecha requartz (kupfeka chiyero 10+ yakadzikira pane simbi). |
| Impact Resistance | Kuomarara kubva kucobalt/nickel binder chikamu kunodzivirira kutsemuka kubva kudownhole vibrations uye bit bouncing (kunyanya coarse-grain + high-cobalt formulations). |
| High-Temperature Kugadzikana | Inochengetedza kushanda pazasi-gomba tembiricha ye300-500°C (cobalt-based alloys ane tembiricha inogumira ~500°C). |
| Corrosion Resistance | Nickel-based alloys anodzivirira kukora kubva kumvura yekuchera ine sarufa, achiwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi munzvimbo dzine acid. |
| Mutengo-Kubudirira | Mutengo wakaderera zvikuru kupfuura diamond/cubic boron nitride, ine hupenyu hwesevhisi 20-50 nguva yehupfu hwesimbi, ichipa mabhenefiti akakwana. |
III. Kuenzanisa Nezvimwe Zvishandiso
| Material Type | Zvakaipa | Application Scenarios |
|---|---|---|
| Dhaimondi (PCD/PDC) | High brittleness, kutadza kukanganisa kuramba; inodhura zvakanyanya (~ 100x iyo ye tungsten carbide). | Kashoma kushandiswa kumazino; apo neapo munzvimbo dzekuyedza dzakanyanya abrasive. |
| Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) | Good tembiricha kuramba asi yakaderera kuoma; zvinodhura. | Ultra-yakadzika yakakwirira-tembiricha yakaoma maumbirwo (asina-mainstream). |
| Ceramics (Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄) | Kuoma kwakanyanya asi kwakakosha brittleness; urombo hwekupisa kuvhunduka kusagadzikana. | Mulab yekusimbisa nhanho, haisati yawedzerwa kutengeserana. |
| High-Simba Simbi | Kusakwana kupfeka kuramba, hupenyu hupfupi hwebasa. | Mabhiti akaderera kana mamwe enguva pfupi. |
IV. Technical Evolution Madirections
1. Material Optim ization
- Nanocrystalline Tungsten Carbide: Saizi yezviyo <200nm, kuoma kwakawedzera ne20% pasina kukanganisa kuomarara (semuenzaniso, Sandvik Hyperion™ akatevedzana).
- Inoshanda Graded Structure: Yakakwirira-yakaoma-yakanaka-zviyo WC pamusoro penozzle, yakakwirira-kuoma-kuomarara-zviyo + yakakwirira-cobalt musimboti, kuenzanisa kupfeka uye kuputsika kuramba.
2. Kusimbisa Musoro
- Diamond Coating (CVD): 2–5μm firimu rinowedzera kuomarara kwepasi kusvika ku>6000 HV, richiwedzera hupenyu ne3–5x (30% mutengo unowedzera).
- Laser Cladding: WC-Co maseru akaiswa panzvimbo dzisina njodzi dzenozzle kuti iwedzere kupfekedzwa kwenzvimbo.
3. Additive Manufacturing
- 3D-Yakadhindwa Tungsten Carbide: Inogonesa kuumbwa kwakabatanidzwa kweakaoma kuyerera nzira (semuenzaniso, Venturi zvimiro) kuvandudza hydraulic kunyatsoita.
V. Zvinhu Zvikuru Pakusarudza Zvinhu
| Operating Conditions | Kurudziro Yezvinhu |
|---|---|
| Maumbirwo akanyanya abrasive | Yakanaka/ultrafine-zviyo WC + yepakati-yakaderera cobalt (6–8%) |
| Impact/vibration-prone zvikamu | Coarse-grain WC + high cobalt (10-13%) kana graded structure |
| Asidi (H₂S/CO₂) nharaunda | Nickel-based binder + Cr₃C₂ additive |
| Matsime akadzika zvakanyanya (>150°C) | Cobalt-based alloy + TaC/NbC additives (dzivisa nickel-yakavakirwa kune isina kusimba yakakwirira-tembiricha simba) |
| Zvirongwa zvisingadhuri | Standard yepakati-zviyo WC + 9% cobalt |
Mhedziso
- Market Dominance: Tungsten carbide hardmetal (WC-Co/WC-Ni) ndiyo mhedziso huru, inoverengera> 95% yemisika yepasi rose yekudhirowa.
- Performance Core: Kuchinjika kune akasiyana magadzirirwo matambudziko kuburikidza nekugadzirisa muWC saizi yezviyo, cobalt / nickel ratio, uye zvinowedzera.
- Unreplaceability: Inoramba iri iyo yakakwana mhinduro yekuenzanisa kupfeka kuramba, kuoma, uye mutengo, nekucheka-kumucheto matekinoroji (nanocrystallization, coatings) ichiwedzera kuwedzera miganhu yayo yekushandisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-03-2025
